The Story of the Citizens of the Planet

Jews are one of the most controversial nations, that travelled and lived all over the Earth. No wonder, that in every new generation there is a historian, who tries to write a monumental work on the history of the Jews. Forty-one years ago one great British historian named Cecil Roth asked Simon Schama, who at that time taught students history at Cambridge, to finish his work on the Jewish history for him. Schama agreed, but, as it appeared later, he just couldn’t bring himself to continue writing Roth’s book. Instead he began to write his own work, â€Å"The Story of the Jews†. Why? The Stories Can Be Told Differently Well, because sometimes the desire to do something is not enough. Cecil Roth was a Jew himself and he really did explore his field of study thoroughly. In his work he explored the doings of the greatest men of his nation, he looked at history from above, writing more of the elite than of the common folk. Simon Schama is a professional historian, who knows his field of study well enough, but he also is acquainted with many other studies and scientific fields. His point of view on the events of the past differs from Roth’s point of view a lot – unlike his forerunner, he prefered to explore Jewish history from unexpected angles – he dedicates a lot of thoughts to social and cultural forces and analyzes lives of the middle class of the Jewish society. To nowadays reader, Schama’s approach is more interesting and enthralling. Roth’s book is more of an encyclopedia, while â€Å"The Story of the Jews† has not only scientific, but also literary value . Across the History The events of Schama’s book end in the 15th century. The whole story starts in a Jewish colony on Elephantine, the island in the upper Nile. The readers start their trip with Jewish mercenary Shelomam, who works for Persian King; they end it at the side of Abrahab Zacuto in year 1500. Zacuto was an astronomer and his fundamental work â€Å"Perpetual Almanach for the Movement of Celestial Bodies† was the book, which Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama used as a guide while travelling and discovering unknown territories. Never Wanted to Be Segregated One of the main ideas of â€Å"The Story of the Jews† is the statement that Jews never quite wanted to form a separate society within the societies they lived in. They always tried to cooperate with people of all religions, beliefs and races, and the process of segregation was triggered only when Christians and Muslims turned against the Jews. In order to protect themselves and their culture, Jews had to unite into small communities, separating from the hostile society.

Strategies for Alleviating the Gang Crime Problem Essay

Introduction The definition of a gang crime by the law enforcement officials takes two dimensions but they employ one of the definitions in order to measure and tackle this problem in the society. The first definition considers gang-related all crimes committed by individuals who belong to a particular gang without regard to the circumstances surrounding such crimes or the nature of the offense. This therefore is a member-based definition of gang crime. Another but more restrictive definition is that a gang crime is committed if and when such occurs as part of the function of a gang or for the benefit of the gang and therefore is strictly gang-motivated. Based on the evidence that gang-motivated crimes constitute more than half of gang†¦show more content†¦Peer groups are unorganized and small groups of individuals who have a common background and share the same space. Their involvement in crime is not at any significant level and therefore its influence on the identity of the group is n ot important. Peer groups are the lowest level of gangs. The intermediate level is comprised of more organized groups of young people in the streets whose motive of participating in criminal activities is strongly attached to the identity of the group so that the groups assign themselves names. This level therefore is made up of gangs. Finally, there are the organized criminal groups whose motive of committing crimes is for personal gains and this may likely be their main occupation. These organized criminal groups base their operations in the illegal market place(le.ac.uk, n.d).Gang crime is an issue of concern which touches many aspects of a society. Not only is it a social problem but also a political as well as an economically related issue. The most affected are the young people who have increasingly joined gangs due to many factors personal, familial or social. This case study will discuss this topic in relation to the different findings on the trends, causes and the responses to alleviate gang crime. Findings Trends in gang crime The problem of gang crime has seen an increasing trend in the United Kingdom but theShow MoreRelatedMexican-American Drug War1105 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol of Joaquin, the Sinaloa Cartel became powerful and won the battle against the Juarez Cartel who was a former partner of the group. The battle, caused by want for more routes into the U.S. resulted in 12,000 deaths and led the group to employ gangs such as the Artist Assassins, Genre Nueva, and Los Mexicles to fight against the Juarez Cartel. The second half of the Guadalajara Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel was started in the 1990s and by the early 2000s became one of the â€Å"biggest and most violentRead MoreEssay about Correctional System1469 Words   |  6 PagesAlternatives have been suggested, such as sentencing reforms that allow the release of prisoners who commit nonviolent crimes in order to avoid the expense of supporting them. While this may seem like a plausible solution, it may actually do more harm than good. Many of those inmates who are released back into society without proper rehabilitation will only continue to commit more crimes. Also, with no fear of incarceration, they have no incentive to stay out of trouble, so other alternatives must beRead MoreYouth Crime Essay3259 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Youth Gang Involvement MET CJ/631—Youth Crime Problems Boston University Dr. Frank Carney April 20, 2013 Abstract Within the United States, youth involvement in gangs has become a serious problem for the future safety and security of the United States. The following thesis explores the growing problem of youth involvement in gangs and attempts to understand the growing trend by exploring historical facts and figures, policies and programs. Within the lastRead MorePoverty And The United States Of America3134 Words   |  13 PagesAmerica, the federal programs aimed at alleviating poverty did were discriminative. African Americans were not included in the federal programs. The current poverty problems affecting the African-American community can be traced back to their exclusion in federal programs. The onset of high poverty levels in America had negative implications for the society. Violence is one of the outcomes of the high poverty levels in America. People in the community resorted to crime and violence as a means of sustainingRead MoreAnalysis of the Article Understanding and Improving Labeling Theory2188 Words   |  9 Pagessocial problem issues that afflict society. The next section of this paper examines acquiescence, reinterpretation, and alteration as they relate to pertinent societal issues. Acquiescence refers to when individuals embrace the labels to which they are assigned, and a foremost example is people who are involved in gang culture. Cloward and Ohlin (1960) identify 3 delinquent subcultures relating to gangs, and each coheres with the outline for acquiescence. 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Under the prevention aspect of the problem there are three complementary prevention strategies: 1) Awareness raising and information distribution 2) Community networking, capacity buildingRead MoreThe aims of the Criminal Justice system include maintaining public order and public protection2400 Words   |  10 PagesThe aims of the Criminal Justice system include maintaining public order and public protection through incapacitation (University of Portsmouth, 2013) whilst also rehabilitating offenders towards crime free lives after prison (Parkes Bilby, 2010). However, both a growing incarceration and recidivism rate (Ministry of Justice, 2013) leads to the assessment that the Prison Service is not fully attaining its rehabilitative function. The cognitive-behavioural techniques used in many prisons have beenRead More The Cannabis Debate Essay5766 Words   |  24 Pagesdebated topic in the present time is cannabis, a green plant that has been around since the ancient Greeks. Early usage dates back as far as ancient China in a tea form to cure or tame wild children that were disobedient and troubled with behavior problems. Mo dern usage in the medical community was first established by Doctor J.J. Moreau when he started using this drug in treatment with psychiatric patients and established a Bohemian society called the Hashian club. This product of mother nature stillRead MoreThe Center For Urban Sustainable Planning4449 Words   |  18 Pageswith the knowledge and tools to continue this mission. This particular workshop will be held in Manila, Philippines, a city where high levels of urban poverty, mass migration to the region, significant environmental issues, and national security problems are exacerbated by the lack of infrastructure and planning. Statement of Need Manila, Philippines is a large, South-East Asian megacity, with a population exceeding 12 million. 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Age Requirements in the Music Industry Free Essays

Music brings excitement to everyone’s lives. It goes without saying, music industry is a youth dominated business.   Music creates huge portions of popular cultures, promoting fashions, make-up, automobiles, popular hangouts and latest technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Age Requirements in the Music Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now People behind scenes in music business targeting youthful audiences bring in most revenue. Performer’s ability to portray sex symbolic image determines, to a large extent, record company’s success. Age Requirements; When professionals force very young children into stretching their vocal chords to match pitches in high notes above treble staff, when a child is given drugs to work longer hours while keeping up with school work, it is too young. When an older person no longer wants to make efforts to appeal to audiences, that is when they are too old. Madonna, Tina Turner and Janet Jackson did not acquire their sex symbol images by accident, regardless of how beautiful they were when they were born. When a â€Å"stroke of bad luck† involving serious health problems, is another time when a person is too old for the music industry. This can occur at 20 years old, or it may never occur. Music industry professionals are not concerned with actual ages, as they are with possessing appearances and talent appealing to youth and ability to hold audiences. â€Å"Although Bocelli was exposed to different styles when he was young, its been my experience age doesn’t matter. What matters is a willingness to do what it takes. I have used methods to assist many singers into developing new styles, regardless of age† (Goodrich, 2007).   Carrying off a sexy singing voice is equally important as carrying off sexy physical image. Many auditions forms ask a persons age range. Age range refers to the age performers can portray. Very often, a 40 year old person has an age range of 20-25; likewise very often, a twenty five year old has an age range of 40-50. Sex Symbols; â€Å"Audiences today have a very short attention span. An ability to intrigue an audience is mandatory† (paraphrased, Ravelo, November 1, 2007).   Sex symbols definitely intrigues audiences, initially. Anyone can look like a sex symbol. Sex symbol status, like it or not, is determined by weight management. Rules of statistics do not apply to people keeping youthful appearances years longer than expected. Singers such as Beyonce, Madonna, PussyCat Dolls are superior role models for women. Their hairstyles, fashions, physique contribute to their identity of being a sex symbol. Nightclubs; Even with stricter laws on underage drinking, and the nightclub staff, many underage people successfully enter into clubs. All night club personnel must attend classes and pass a mandatory exam regarding laws. Fake identification cards, or theft of someone else’s valid ID’s are one way it is done. Legal parents or guardians accompanying their children can legally enter into night clubs and drink, as long as the beverage is served to the parent, and they parent gives them the drink. Sometimes managers bend rules allowing underage people into the club. And sometimes unmentioned arrangements are bargained with between the club and the state and city law enforcement agencies. Clubs who ID every person walking through the door, are probably the ones pulling something under the table. Nightclubs appeal to youthful crowds. Usually, nightclubs target age groups by music selection. Sometimes a persons choice of music reveals their age. People educated in music will listen to all types of music. Conclusion; Music industry has no age requirements. Music industry requires targeting youthful audiences at any age. Popular culture, which is youth oriented, is often associated with music. Music videos are full of sex symbols, including Justin Timberlake, Elvis, Ricky Martin, Usher, Gwen Steffani, Christina Augillera. Sex symbols in music industry serve as wonderful role models for all people of all ages. People who are in the spotlight also have a responsibility to ensure their behavior is worth copying. The media and Christian groups love to â€Å"throw dirt† on anything or anyone presented as a glamorous sexy superstar. Music video industry has talented sex symbols of all ages. Notes: Goodrich, M. Can Style Be Learned? Backstage.com Voice Movement; Published November 2, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003667139 Ravelo, H., Kuhn, S., Bickelmann, L., What Top Three Things Make a Successful Actor Backstage.com; Ask A Pro. Published November 1, 2007; Date retrieved November 3, 2007 http://www.backstage.com/bso/advice-columns/ask-a-professional/ask-a-pro/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003666231 How to cite Age Requirements in the Music Industry, Essay examples

Cannery Row Essay Example For Students

Cannery Row Essay The Pearl of Cannery RowA pearl is created when a tiny speck of intruding dust enters and irritates an oyster shell. The reaction of the oyster is to make a beautiful pearl out of the particle of dust. Some pearls are perfect and others are imperfect, but all are a unique and wondrous creation of nature. In Cannery Row, John Steinbeck imitates natures process with Cannery Row as the oyster and Mack as the speck of dust. Steinbeck shows Mack as the irritant which causes Cannery Row to veer from a precarious course and make a change for the better. In the end Mack creates a wonderful pearl for Cannery Row the quality of unity and the reader learns that sometimes the best results come from seemingly meaningless occurrences. Mack is in the least a large source of irritation and at the most worthless to the residents of Cannery Row. Steinbeck introduces him as the elder, leader, mentor and to a small extent, the exploiter of a little group of men who had in common no families, no money and no ambitions beyond food, drink and contentment (9). His effect upon the town, while often anonymous, is clearly sensed: A hardware store supplied a can of red paint not reluctantly because it never knew about it (12). Mack appears when he needs something and disappears when pay-up time comes around. To Cannery Row, Mack and the boys avoid the trap, walk around the poison, step over the noose while a generation of trapped, poisoned and trussed-up men scream at them and call them no-goods, come-to-bad-ends, blots-on-the-town, thieves, rascals, bums (15). Because Mack does not fit societys traditional standards of living, the town also assumes that his character does not measure up either. He isnt seen for what he really is a man with a sweet soul who simply is not driven by worldly desires instead, people judge him against others and by their own expectations of a man. Mack lacks ambition but not a good heart. His only intentions are for survival, never for the purpose of inflicting pain or problem on others: In the world ruled by tigers with ulcers, rutted by strictured bulls, scavenged by blind jackals, Mack and the boys dine delicately with the tigers, fondle the frantic heifers, and wrap up the crumbs to feed the sea gulls of Cannery Row (15). He calmly accepts what his life presents him with, making palaces out of shacks instead of trying to attain a higher position. Macks good-natured side can be seen in his desire to do something nice for the friendly and dependable marine biologist Doc. For Cannery Row, the effect is for Mack to actually develop a goal throwing a party for Doc. As soon as this goal is realized, Mack goes to work. He manipulates everyone, including Doc himself, so his goal can be attained; from Lee Chong, the grocery store owner: Will you let us take your old truck up to Carmel Valley for frogs for Docfor good old Doc? (55) to the trusting captain who ends up willingly helping Mack: You know, Ive got a pond up by the house thats so full of frogs, I cant sleep nights . . . Id be glad to get rid of them (83), and back to Lee Chong again. Ironically, Mack could just as easily use his persuasive powers strictly for personal gain, but the thought never enters his mind. We see the cultivation of the pearl taking place with the events leading up to the botched first party and with the disaster itself. Mack first stirs up the town in his campaign to acquire money and materials for the party. Everything is smooth until the irritation begins: Mack makes the mistake of saying just a few sips wont hurt too many times: with the captain Maybe a short one . . . wouldnt it be easier to pour out some in a pitcher? (92), in waiting for Doc: They Mack and the boys had a couple more drinks, just to savor the plan (121) and while decorating: They Mack and the boys had finished the whiskey by now and they really felt in a party

Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki Essay Example

Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki Paper Belonging is known as a process of identification that establishes our relationships between individuals and their society. Often, the pursuit of a sense of belonging dominates ones life as it can emerge from the connections made with people and society. It has been found that mans need for companionship, belonging is natural and instinctive and something that is pre-coded in the primitive brain. Aristotle once said, The impulse to form partnership of this kind is present in all men by nature. Knowledge of ones identity through knowledge of where one belongs can give meaning to life and bring about happiness, while exclusion can trigger a sense of unworthiness, even inferiority, and alienation as shown through the poetry of Peter Skryznecki and the film Into the Wild We chose the poems of Peter Skrzynecki as our prescribed text and there is a greater sense of not belonging and alienation in every poem than belonging and acceptance. It is almost that he wants us to feel sympathy and condolence for him in his poems. We will write a custom essay sample on Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Poems such as Migrant Hostel, Ancestors and Feliks Skryznecki convey his message of being estranged and isolated from his identity of the polish culture and his uncertain future. To convey these views Skrzynecki uses a variety of techniques, the main ones being: metaphors, similes, personification, rhetorical questions and the use of tone. The poem Migrant hostel (Parkes 1949-1951) carries authencity and themes of difficulties assimilating into a new culture, feelings of uncertainty and insecurity and therefore issues surrounding identity, or the lack OF identity. In Migrant Hostel the poet uses the imagery of birds to show us this sense of uncertainty. Example We lived like birds of passage/Always sensing a change and Nationalities sought each other instinctively-/ Like a homing pigeon Feeling uncertain and insecure the migrants sought comfort and security from people with a familiar Background and felt a sense of belonging and acceptance as they were recognised by accents. Also in Migrant Hostel the poet effectively reveals the problems that migrants face of Assimilating into a new culture. Skryznecki does this with his powerful Image and personification of the boom gate at the migrant hostel. As it rose and fell like a finger/ Pointed in reprimand or shame. The word reprimand has negative connotations in this context being that the outside world may not be welcoming. Here we also get the sense that migrants are ostracized from the outside world as they are sealed off the highway which is an obstacle to freedom, new life as they are unable to reach it. In the Poem Felix Skrzynecki the poet explores a contrast of the theme of strong cultural identity and alienation for Feliks Skrzynecki and loss of cultural identity for Peter Skrzynecki in a new land. Feliks Skrzynecki chooses to isolate himself from society as he surrenders belonging in an Australian society; rather he chooses to belong in his garden as he loved his garden like an only child. Feliks feels secure and finds peace of mind in his garden and the use of hyperbole Ten times around the world creates a strong connection between Feliks and his garden. His polish friends/talking they reminisced about farms where paddocks flowered. This shows Feliks strong cultural identity with his polish friends an that he has a spiritual connection to the country that shaped him. Peter Skrzynecki realises that to become his own person (to fulfil his identity) he must move away from his family and surrender the polish culture. The loss of cultural identity is communicated through the image made by lines such as I forgot my first polish word/After that like a dumb prophet, /Watched me pegging my tents/Further and further south Of Hadrians Wall. The use of alliteration and repetition (a potent literary technique) further and further further emphasises the point of how much of the lost of the polish heritage and Peters cultural identity. The poem Ancestors is an interesting and enigmatic poem that raises many questions and images but gives little definite comment. The poem encourages the audience think about their past and the people who are responsible for our existence. These figures seem to appear to the poet in a dream but cannot communicate with him. There is a clear spiritual connection between the persona and these bearded, faceless men/standing shoulder to shoulder? which is a collective term and creates a sense of belonging with the use of alliteration but the rhetorical question undercuts this belonging by confusing the audience. There is also a real sense of uncertainty about his identity as they whisper into the darkness. The poets continual use of they emphasises his lack of knowledge about his ancestors. There is a sense of frustration in the final stanzas. The poet sees clearer faces yet he awakens and cannot speak Why do you wake as there faces become clearer. He captures his dissatisfaction and impotence in the simile, Your tongue as dry as caked mud. There is an inevitable relationship between the shadowy figures and the poet as the wind tastes of blood. This last line answers all the rhetorical questions asked in the poem as it tells the poet that he does have a blood related connection with his ancestors but also suggests that he has betrayed and surrendered his own cultural identity. My related text Into the wild is a story about youthful alienation that alternately irritates and engages. Based on a true story Into the Wild is basically a road picture that follows the adventures of Christopher McCandless, a bright college boy who chooses not to belong to a society that lives a lie bases on reasons and expectations. If we admit that human life can be ruled by reason, then all possibility of life is destroyed. A quote from Christopher McCandless. So he decides to leave and surrender his fake society identity behind The core of mans spirit comes from new experiences. By Chris McCandless and hitch hikes his way for two years like a drifter to live in the wild in search for happiness and his true identity. An example of this concept of not belonging can be seen when the family are having dinner, Christophers parents offer him to buy a car in order to improve his social image but Christopher sees this as an unnecessary measure. Why would I want a new car? / are you worried what the neighbors might think. Chris abandons his family and decides to chuck it all and become a self-styled aesthetic voyager in search of ultimate freedom. in the wild where he feels a great sense of belonging to the places and with the people he meets, I have lived through much and now I think I have found what is needed for happiness. A quiet, secluded life in the country with the possibility of being useful to people. This concept of belonging explores that he has found happiness and therefore found his identity and freedom. This can be seen through the long and far camera angle shots of the landscape and the natural imagery of the snow and the Grand canyon. The impression this film gives is that this act of rebellion by Chris is primarily a way to punish his parents for what he perceives as their hypocrisy and for the misery they put him and his sister through with their brutal fights all during their childhoods we were the bastard children Techniques which were used throughout the film are the use of constant voice overs and close camera angle shots of him writing his thoughts in his diary. The voice overs and written diary shots provide an incentive to the actions of Christopher and how he feels about them. A major concept of belonging to society is portrayed as the most important custom in ones life. The realization of the concept of belonging to society to live can clearly be seen after the death of Christopher. The montage of Christophers past at the end of the film puts together the memorable moments in his life which ironically were all related with his family. It shows him hugging his parents and finally realizing the value of belonging to a society. This realization is also backed up by the closing statement of Chris writing in his diary in his last moments Happiness is only real when shared. This immediately portrays belonging to society as a necessity to feel happy and valued. The poetry of Peter Skrzynecki and The film Into The Wild demonstrate that without a sense of belonging, which in essence arises from knowing ones identity, the individual is incomplete, Hence, life is incomplete. Realizing ones identity, through finding a place where one belongs is a key piece in the puzzle that is contentment. Even a life without belonging is consumed by the yearning to belong-showing that a life untouched by belonging is a life in which satisfaction hence happiness is unattainable.

Giant Squid essays

Giant Squid essays The giant squid was known to be a monstrous-creature but it was fictitious. There are several tales about the monstrous sea creatures that came from the mariners. It was believed that it did not exist since there were no solid evidence that were available but then time came when groups claimed seeing a giant creature in deep-ocean. Scientists became curious so they gathered specimens. Squids are considered to belong in Architeuthidae family of cephalopod class and its scientific name is Architeuthis dux. The giant squids are not visible at the surface of the ocean. They are considered as one of the biggest animals in the world for the reason that the entire length can be as more than 60 feet. They live in deep-ocean and there was no scientific documentation that they have seen the giant squid alive since they are believed to be growing and living down to 10,000 feet under the water. But now, there are several evidences that they exist because several body parts of the giant squid were seen ashore and sometimes fishermens were able to catch body parts in their nets. The recovered specimens weighted a total of almost one thousand kilograms and it was discovered on the surface waters of New Zealand. Recently in Japan, they were able to document and caught a live giant squid in its natural habitat and later on, in 2006, they recorded a moving giant squid just to prov e that they exists. The physical feature of a giant squid is the same with the small squids that we have seen except that they are huge. They have a soft body with no bones that is why they are considered to be invertebrate. They are not as heavy as the whale since they look like almost the same with the octopus. The head of a giant squid is large enough to hold two big eyes having the size of a basketball. The beak is pointed and they use their gills to breathe. The giant squid have eight arms and in each arm there exists two rows of suckers on the undersides. There ...

Various History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Various History Questions - Essay Example Passage into the American colonies during the period of colonization was only possible for the wealthy, and this prevented those from the lower economic rungs from booking passage into the colonies. In order to entice potential laborers into the colonies, the system of indentured servitude was conceptualized; and soon after, these individuals became an integral part of the colonial economy (PBS, 2011). An indentured servant’s life would come about due to skilled and unskilled laborers finding themselves without work. Due to the necessity of finding any type of work to support themselves and their families, indentured servitude came about. There are various advantages and disadvantages to this practice. It is advantageous because it provides immediate economic relief to jobless laborers (PBS, 2011). In effect, it gives them the opportunity to gain employment, even with their salaries being less than ideal for them and their families. It is a preferable choice for them as compar ed to their unemployed status, to which they credit more undefined hardships. Disadvantages to this practice are however also apparent. For one, it is a practice open to abuse because employers are paying these laborers less than what they deserve. Although the laborers are indeed able to fill in their temporary needs; in the long-run, they are not getting what they fairly deserve for their labors. Consequently, they are enriching employers who are only after their cheap labor and hard work. This is a practice which can be considered the precedent for slavery, and in the years which followed the transport of Black Africans to America and the British Empire, slavery eventually found its unfortunate place. But there is no denying the travails that these indentured servants went through with their work and accommodations being less than ideal; they were also treated harshly for their wrongdoings (PBS, 2011). These laborers also had difficulty in eventually gaining freedom from their se rvitude; however, it was still a better deal than the conditions seen among slaves who were not given the right to be free of their slavery. 2. How did life in the British colonies contribute to creating a unique American identity? How do you see that identity manifested in modern American society? The life in the British colonies contributed in creating a unique American identity. Originally, the colonies were fashioned by ideas of prosperity, literacy, and improvements in religion and thought (Teacher Web, n.d). Land ownership in the colonies was also seen as a means of becoming wealthy. In turn, wealth was seen as part of one’s social status, and the colonies were in the middle of these ranks. Land ownership was also associated with the right to vote, hence, land ownership was a highly sought privilege. It motivated many men to work hard and to seek improved lifestyles for themselves and their families (Teacher Web, n.d). The colonists felt united as Americans before the s tart of the revolution; however, they had a longer time in gaining their identity as a people. They were also highly suspicious of each other, and this caused delays in their identity as colonials. However, these delays were eventually resolved as they started to preserve their rights and to express actions seeking to gain their independence from Britain. It was important for them to put aside their differences, unite against

IT management Practices in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IT management Practices in Organisations - Essay Example The underdeveloped system saps the managers’ ability to make informed decisions while planning for the IT, and the plans most turn out to be impracticable. â€Å"Deficiency in executing the plan formulated has led to a disjoint mode of implementation of technology† (Misra, 2006, p. 49). The system and organizational culture in SMEs is in the nascent stage and is not strong enough to address the loopholes in the organization and integration of IT in the work setup. Organizations take time to develop. In the start, one individual may represent one whole department because of human resource constraints imposed to minimize the expenditures and make the business profitable. Strategies entrepreneurs commonly adopt to limit the expenditure include but are not limited to increased manual work to save the expenditure of purchasing machines, overloading of work on the employees, more working hours, and reduced benefits for the organizational personnel. SMEs that do invest in mach ines do not have an efficient repair and maintenance system in place to ensure that the machines are fully functional all the time. A small dysfunction may take days to be fixed, which not only distorts the process of communication and drawing of information using technology, but also serves as a disincentive for the organizational personnel to rely on the use of technology to accomplish their daily tasks. As a result, there occurs a shift from machine work to the manual work, that in effect lowers the efficiency of the system as well as increases the work-load upon the employees further. Like all employees down the line, leaders are no less affected by the lack of planning and organization. Although leaders are primarily responsible for decision making as well as the planning and organization of IT, yet they are not able to achieve their optimal potential in leadership because of the resource constraints imposed by the owners of SMEs. Involvement of the CEO and the external IT expe rtise has a major influence on the success of IT management in SMEs (Thong et al., 1997). Unfortunately, most of the entrepreneurs/owners of SMEs are just rich enough to establish a new firm, and may not necessarily be qualified enough to lead the companies themselves. Like all other areas of IT management, controlling of IT is no less complicated in SMEs because of the aforementioned reasons. However, it is not appropriate to conclude that IT management in SMEs is absolutely inexistent. Although management of IT in SMEs is not comparable to that in large enterprises, yet various studies have concluded that there has occurred immense improvement in management of human resources as well as IT over the years (Suraweera, Cragg, & Mills, 2010, p. 1). Q. 2: Answer Before identifying the important practices in each of the four areas of IT management, it is customary to briefly discuss the concept of IT management as it helps in understanding the role of different departments in addition t o the IT department in the IT management. IT management is a very broad topic that covers activities that include but are not limited to the management of IT resource as a weapon of attaining competitive advantage, management of the resources of IT like the technical infrastructure and the organizational personnel, and establishment and accurate functioning of the information systems (Luftman, 2004). In the

Queer culture from the 19th century through modern times Term Paper

Queer culture from the 19th century through modern times - Term Paper Example Notions of identity, freedom, and autonomy have marked the recent intellectual era. These serve as the as the fundamental and dominant principles and ideologies that underlie liberalism in the society. These ideals necessitate acceptance and respect towards a person’s subjectivity and dignity. However, human experiences are suffused with struggles for equality, rights and acceptance. Stories of oppression and subjugation of gays, lesbians, women, people of color and others have posed a question regarding the authenticity of the notion of the public sphere - the arena wherein equals meet, and where peers encounter. Thus, the search for the person within the public sphere has led to a gamut of discourses centering on the person, or focusing on the public sphere or in combination of - who is the person? and what is the public sphere? In the context of continued struggle of gays for acceptance and freedom, this study will be dealing with queer theory, focusing on gay literature. I t will assert the proposition that queer theory is one of the most viable approaches in explaining the current predicament of gay persons as they reaffirm facets of humanity that have been long denied as an authentic expression of being human. As such, the study aims to show the gay community’s struggle for equality in society as their plight is marked by marginalization, shame, discrimination and exclusion. Queer theory denotes a sense of difference or strangeness.2 The researcher acknowledges that queer theory can be learned from different perspectives, and that gay literatures provide valuable and particular view of queer theory rooted in gays’ experiences, articulations and existence in the world. 3 In light of this, the study will use genealogical methodology as it traces the historical underpinnings of queer theory from 19th century to the present. This is done with the supposition that the struggles, which queer theory seeks to explain, are rooted in centuries o f suppression as experienced by homosexuals. In addition, this study is significant, as it will attempt to clarify queer theory. The research will have the following structure. The first part is the introduction, which presents the topic of the research, the methodology use for research, the structure of the paper, and the probable outcome of the study. The following part will deal with the discussion of queer theory from the 19th century to the present. The first sub section will deal with the evolution of the terms ‘homosexual and gay’ focusing on the 19th century use of the terms. The second sub-section will deal with the 19th century status of homosexuals and the underlining factors that contributed to their predicament. The third part will deal with the first half of the 20th century situation of gay culture and the fourth part will be focusing on the second half of the 20th century with emphasis on gay liberation and other dynamic changes during this period. Final ly, the third and last part of the research deals with the critical analysis of the subject matter of the research. In this part, an analysis of the findings of the study will be undertaken. In the end, it is the hope of the researcher that this research may help dispel the notion that one of the definitive attributes of a person’s humanity is the construed gender and attach sexuality to person’s biological makeup. Queer Theory: 19th century to the Present Although this research does not address narratives about homosexuality prior to the 19th, it does not mean they did not exist prior to 19th century. Instead, aside from reasons of limitations in the research, the 19th century discussions of homosexuality pave the way for the modern understanding of homosexuality, thus, creating a break in the understanding of homosexuality and homosexuals. 4 The modern discourse has created and offered new approaches in understanding gay oppression as it establishes fresh viewpoints of homosexuality. In this regard, I will be undertaking a genealogy of queer theory f

The Levels Are Core Product Benefits Marketing Essay

The Levels Are Core Product Benefits Marketing Essay BMW has the image of a premium car manufacturer who is know for its well driving cars with a sportier performance than their competition, prime example of this is the fact that BMW only produces rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive cars. Their premium image comes from the fact that they produce high-quality and relatively high prices automobiles. Even though their prices are relatively high the perceived value level is still at a sufficient level because of the balance with high quality. One of the core product benefits would be technology. For example EfficientDynamics which manages to lower fuel consumption without really compromising the performance BMW is known for, through means such as lightweight construction, a start-stop function, brake energy regeneration and tires with less roll resistance just to name a few. BMW has won many awards for innovation for measures such as these so their technology is at a high and innovative level. Product Attributes BMW was founded in 1916 and its first car went on sale in 1929, a well known and old brand known for its innovation is one of the strengths BMW can build on. Not only in the automobile branch but also known for its aircraft engines and motorcycles. Design, especially under Christopher Bangle recent design has been an important factor, loved by some hated by others the new design direction Bangle took was a hot topic in automobile discussions. What cannot be denied is that BMWs have a distinctive design with some elements that have been in its cars for decades. For example the characteristic grille, first introduced in 1933 and still in use on every car model BMW manufactures. Another part of design is that BMW designs all its products with recycling in mind, Design for Recycling makes sure that the right materials are used and recycling is easier because it is being accounted for at a design stage. BMW has a programme called BMW Individual in which such as the name states a customer can customise its car to great extent. Options such as exclusive paint, leather colours and types and more extensive audio/video possibilities are all part of this programme, all to satisfy the customer to the greatest extent. Support Services The normal delivery of an automobile consists of having it made ready by your dealer and having it delivered to your home. With BMW it is possible to pick it up at the factory it was produced at and have a tour there for example and visit the BMW museum, it is even possible for American customers to make use of this programme and BMW will even take care of the shipping afterwards. An exclusive offering which turns a simple delivery into a whole experience. BMW offers a long 12 year warranty on the body of the car, 3 years on the paintwork and 2 years on the rest with no maximum amount of kilometres used. Furthermore there are programmes that allow you to extend the warranty beyond this time for a premium. Every consumer has access to the BMW group Service Center which can be phoned 24/7 and is free of charge. BMW also offers BMW Financial Services, which is a lease and financing company. They offer lease agreements but also insurance, not only on cars but they even offer home or travel insurance. To summarize BMW produces high quality products which have a few characteristics they are well known for. There are many factors in which BMW has a great product strategy but the most notable factors would be driving quality, BMWs offer a high degree of performance in its cars. Also one very important factor is its technology, most notably EfficientDynamics through which BMW manages to lower fuel consumption and emissions without compromising the quality driving it is known for. There is also the design which characterises its cars as typical BMW and last but not least the high level of support services. Miscellaneous One of the biggest issues global society is facing is global warming, this is especially important in the automotive industry as their products play a (large) part in this issue. Car manufacturers face a bit of a paradox, their product is inherently harmful to the environment yet at the same time they try to be as environmentally conscious as possible. BMW not only tries to be environmentally conscious in their products they also strive to be this in their organisation. As stated on their website all BMW Group employees are guided by the ICCs Business Charter for Sustainable Development. Managers are stimulated to implement environmental guidelines and convey this message onto their employees. Just some examples are reducing the amount of paperwork that goes with every car as it goes down the production-line in the factory to reduce the amount of paper used. Turning off unused factory equipment in the weekends. Grouping the production of same coloured cars together so that the painting equipment has to be cleaned and sterilized less often. BMW Group acknowledges its responsibilities and commits to apply latest the technologies in order to enhance safety and lower fuel consumption and noise and exhaust emissions. As stated previously BMW applies Design for Recycling in which at the design stage there is already being accounted for optimizing the recycling process. BMW also is developing alternative fuel technologies such as BMW CleanEnergy which allows for the use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel. Furthermore BMW Group suppliers are required to adhere to the standards which BMW applies to its organisation and products. It is through technologies such as BMW Efficient Dynamics that the consumer is actually experiencing a lower fuel consumption and lower emissions. All of this achieved through lightweight construction, energy management and modern technology. For example in the Netherlands BMW has 129 models which have a green label, greener labels in turn allow for lower costs for the car. To summarize, although BMWs product is harmful to the environment they try to minimize this through the use of company-wide policies and design philosophy to ensure environmentally conscious production and technology to minimize fuel consumption and emissions. Sources Essentials of Global Marketing Svend Hollensen http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/overview.html http://www.bmw-warranty.co.uk/Pages/Information.aspx?page=Products/Comparison.htm http://www.bmwusa.com/Standard/Content/Owner/BMWUltimateService/Warranty.aspx http://www.bmw.co.uk/bmwuk/about/corp/environment http://www.bmwusfactory.com/Environment.aspx?id=282

Gender Relations and Inequality in India Essay -- female feticide, unf

Gender relations and inequality is experienced through lack of educational matters and unfair treatment of women and children, thus in many cases forcing women to run households, while the men are away at work in various seasonal migration jobs at unviable wages. As defined in a classic article, income inequality is â€Å"the distribution of total income amongst the represented population† (Gehring13). In outlined studies; evidence can conclude that poor gender relations in fact can be convoluted into other issues such as overpopulation, child malnourishment, low levels of GDP, and GNI. This in fact sounds to be true for what India is experiencing today. The predominant issue of gender inequality has led many down the pathway to poverty and what may be considered to many as the â€Å"Exploited Sector†. The exploited and primary sector in modern day India, which most are subject to, is facing many challenging issues such as long working hours, low wages, and no benefits which contributes to the inequality standards. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS), reports that the â€Å"exploited sector† Is the very lowest earning in all countries which in fact is found more often than not in India, as many workers have trekked to the Southern region of India. The workers make under minimum wage daily contributing to the lower standards of growth and overpopulation numbers. Workers are also subject to work extremely long hours outside for next to nothing where they are, what Dejanvry may term the â€Å"Traditional Sector†. India’s temperature is accurate for it’s often at times above 100 degrees during the day and cooler at night making this a great deal of hardship. The workers at time often are subject to work extrem... ...ube, R., & Bhatnagar, R. (1999). Women without Choice: Female Infanticide and the Rhetoric of Overpopulation in Postcolonial India. Women's Studies Quarterly, 27(1), 2nd ser., 73-86. Gehring, Keith. "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in India." N.p., June 2006. Web. Jacobs, S. (2010). Structures and processes: Land, families, and gender relations. Gender and Development, 35-42. Kingdon, G. G. (2007). The progress of school education in India. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(2), 168-195. doi: 10.1093/oxrep/grm015 Mark R. Rosenzweig, M., & Stark, O. (1989). Consumption Smoothing, Migration, and Marriage: Evidence from Rural India. Chicago Journals, 97(4), 905-926. Raj, Anita. "Gender Equity and Universal Health Coverage in India." The Lancet 377.9766 (2011): 618-19. Print. "The World Bank." India. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 April. 2014.

Facility & Venue Management Essay

1.0 Design Context. The Currumbin Surf Life Saving Club (SLSC) as a whole is a well-designed multi storey local club, due to its modern but ‘beachy’ looking design traits, which reflects the surrounding up market area perfectly. The club has a capacity to seat around 200-250 guests from its sports bar to dining area. The club is situated in a prime spot right on top of Currumbin rocks resulting in undisrupted views of the Gold Coast. 2.0 Design Analysis 3.1 External Design Features. The club is constructed with concrete with the exterior of the club consisting of 3 colour blocks white, light tanned brown and dark green (representing Vikings). From the car park only the side of the building can be seen with top half Light tanned brown and bottom dark green. This colour scheme that can be seen from the car park does not look welcoming, as it is dark, boring and bold. From the beach and the ocean the whole club can be seen utilising the white paint on the external area where there is open plan windows and large balcony. The Surf Club site is on Currumbin beach with the club structure expanded on top of the rocks giving the club a competitive edge over most other clubs as it the closest to the surf and has undisrupted views of the coastline. Joined to the club is a large tall rock called ‘Elephant Rock’ which has been utilised quite strategically as a look out, which is another unique asset for the club. Apart form this large natural structure the surrounding space is undisrupted as the houses and shops are across the road from the beach. The general area of the site consists of the club, the car park and the rock lookout. The design aspects of the space outside are very minimal as the building resides on the beach so it is unsuitable for any large scale landscaping or gardens. The footpaths leading to the building join up and match the Council beach footpath ensuring that it flows. Large signage is erected on the entrance of the car park so incoming traffic can easily see what the building is also on the side of the building a large mural is painted of the ‘Currumbin Vikings’ logo. The location of this surf club is as close to the ocean any club could get which makes it a massive draw card for their members and guests. Though its position is appealing being so close to the ocean puts the surf club in a situation where the club is prone to adverse weather conditions such as cyclones, large swells and dangerous winds ultimately impacting on the structural integrity of the club. The car park is outside is maintained well as it must stand all the elements including tidal surges. The space has a capacity to fit around 50 cars also public parking within 100m. The club is situated along one of the Translink bus routes and has frequent services running north and south. Alternatively the clubs free shuttle can be utilised within a 5km radius (Currumbin Beach Vikings S.L.S.C) making it very accessible. The club is situated on the 2nd level with the main entrance above a set of fairly large stairs, which makes it impossible for special needs guests to ascend. The club has installed an electronic chair lift for people with special needs but to get to the chair lift there is no wheel chair ramp, they must be lifted up a smaller flight of stairs (5) making the chair lift impractical. 2.2 Internal Design Features. The internal design of the venue is quite spacious with the service areas situated on one side and bar tables and dining tables situated on the other side leading out to the open balcony giving all guests a view of the ocean. The interior is white in colour giving it a modern look; whilst they haven’t taken away the surf club feel utilising floor tiles with a sandy coloured wash giving the club a nice ‘beachy’ texture. The social facilities offered at the surf club consist of administration area, designated food ordering area and cafà ©, bar/drink service area, dining area, live sports entertainment area, gaming room (pokies) and toilets. The food ordering area is situated at the far end of the service area with the food menu situated in the middle of the club on a pole away from the ordering area so guests must look first then go up to order which causes congestion. The bar is quite large with 2 service areas with huge selection of beers and spirits also showcasing a wine selection area. The bar has a nice marble counter, which is complimented with a sleek scattered tile design. The sporting entertainment area is large with large flat screen and smaller screens with keno available. The gaming room is separate to the club and is accessed by a door to ensure under 18’s cannot enter. The manner in which the service counters have been positioned on one side of the venue has given the club more control over the club regarding guests and congestion within the club by creating a free flowing walkway between the service areas and tables allowing guests to easily walk in and out with out causing major congestion. Signage stating the exits within the club also ensures that guests are aware of their surroundings. The area in which guest can dine consists of inside with open plan windows looking towards Burleigh/Surfers Paradise and out on the balcony looking out to the ocean. As the club is on the beach night temperatures can be cool so adequate heating is available with gas stoves out on the balcony and heating inside. The balcony has large stationary umbrellas hanging down so guests are out of the direct sunlight but still utilising the natural light. As the club has the up stair function room it allows the club to be much more flexible and provide services to cater for new trends. This room also allows the club to create and have contingency plans in place to ensure that if something were to happen there would be room to cater for guests and ensure no major impacts on the club are caused. The clubs location, services and facilities give the venue a good edge in trying to obtain guests and income. The Currumbin area has a lot of cafà © styled restaurants so there is competition in the area making it important for the club to host events. The club hosts live local and national music acts every weekend (Currumbin Beach Vikings S.L.S.C), promotional days and the Vikings has nippers on during the summer so through out the year the club has various events to cater for all guests ensuring that the club is capturing as much income generations as possible. On inspection the club had no signs of vandalism, which showcases the clubs identity within the Currumbin community as being their local Surf Club. 3.0 Develop and Evaluate Solutions. 3.1 Problem: Colour Scheme of Building facing car park. The solutions established to enhance the front facing wall consist of firstly repainting the wall to coincide with the rest of the club or secondly creating a mural reflecting the beach and Vikings to put on the wall. The strengths of these solutions would help to improve the appeal of the club to members and the general public also giving the building a new and different vibe. The main weakness in regard to changes of the building would be member’s inertia to change as they associate the colours with the building. This problem is ranked number 1, as it would be easy and feasible for the club to adopt. 3.2 Problem: Building Site Prone to Adverse Weather Conditions. As this problem is of a natural nature it makes it difficult to create effective solutions but ensuring the right precautions are taken when preparing for the storms would be imports and monitoring these events would be a vital element in minimising damage also. These solutions will help to ensure that as little damage is done to the venue as possible also gives decision makers of the venue the ability to take quick action and increase protection if events are predicted to worsen. This problem is ranked number 4 in terms of relevance and feasibility, as it is hard to determine how severe the events may be. 3.3. Problem: Electronic Chairlift Situated above a Flight of Stairs. In order to fix this issue would be essential to construct a platform to join the electronic chairlift to the ground level or build a wheel chair ramp. The importance of this solution it would ensure that all guests are able to enjoy the services available at the club also it would help to improve relationships with these guests. The weaknesses to this solution consist of the construction would affect the entrance to the club and also the cost would be large. This problem is ranked number 3 due to the cost associated with the change. 3.4 Problem: Food Menu is not Clearly Visible.  The easiest and most effective way to fix this problem is to replace the current menu area or add to it by installing a menu board above the ordering area also complementing it by placing a menu board at the entrance of the venue. This will allow guests to easily see what is on the menu whilst waiting in line easing congestion and also gives general passers by an ide of what the club has to offer. The weaknesses could be the managers do not wish to have the men’s displayed in this manner also there would be a cost with fitting the structure. This problem is ranked number 2 as it is an easy fix and the costs would be minimal.

Building a Peanut Butter and Jelly

Building a Peanut Butter and Jelly Free Online Research Papers Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches may be one of the most popular sandwiches that comes to mind once the question is asked, â€Å" What was your favorite sandwich growing up as a child† Many may not know that the origin of this PBJ sandwich has yet to be determined. However, what is known is that in World War II soldiers where given Peanut butter and jelly in their food rations. Many say that the soldiers combined the peanut butter to the jelly because that made it easier to eat. This sandwich is now eaten by many, young and old. There are six easy steps to create and enjoy this sandwich. First, you will need to find the right bread. White bread is traditional but it isnt sturdy and the jelly soaks through. In addition, white bread is extremely processed and lacks vitamins why not make this delicious and healthy? Multigrain adds its own flavor that complements the sweetness of the jelly and peanut butter. Whole wheat is healthiest option. Make sure the bread is 100% whole wheat flour, not 100% enriched whole wheat flour. Next, choose your peanut butter. Youll need to decide between chunky or smooth. Chunky can often be harder to spread, as it can tear the bread. But it does add a nice crunch. Then, choose your jelly. Common options include grape jelly, strawberry jelly or raspberry jelly. The adventurous might chose apple jelly. Meanwhile, get a good amount of peanut butter on a knife or spoon (this amount varies with your personal preference) and spread it out evenly onto one of the slices of bread. Wipe any residual peanut butter from the knife onto the second piece of bread. Next soon after, Scoop some jelly onto the other slice of bread. Again, the amount is up to you, but when in doubt, use less rather than more. Jelly tends to squeeze out the edges and drip if you use too much. Make sure to spread the jelly evenly. Immediately after, gently press the two slices of bread together. Always put the peanut butter side on top of the jelly side because the jelly will fall off. Finally, cut your sandwich. This could be in half crosswise into two congruent triangular slices, in half across the shorter width into two rectangles, into fourths either of these directions, or into as many pieces as you wish. One more thing- since peanut butter is sticky; youll need a tall glass of milk or a glass of water to help wash your sandwich down. Research Papers on Building a Peanut Butter and JellyPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on Children

Compound Terms That Start with Half

Compound Terms That Start with Half Compound Terms That Start with â€Å"Half† Compound Terms That Start with â€Å"Half† By Mark Nichol By now, you have observed that compounds of two words can be closed, like paperback, hyphenated, like light-year, or open, like â€Å"ice cream.† This inconsistency (sometimes persisting, sometimes differing as the prevailing style changes) is one of the maddening vagaries of the English language, but the puzzlement intensifies when the style differs even among compounds beginning with the same word. Take compounds that start with half, for instance. The variability exists regardless of which part of speech the compound represents. Consider these sample nouns: In field sports such as football and soccer, one of the positions is halfback. But a brother or sister related to one by only one parent is a half brother or a half sister, and when the moon is half full, it is called a half-moon. Further inconsistency prevails, for example, in classes of similar terms: A fifty-cent piece is a half-dollar, but several other numismatic terms beginning with half â€Å"half crown,† â€Å"half dime,† and â€Å"half eagle† are open. (These are all discontinued values of currency, but the discrepancy persists.) Adjectives incorporating the word half also vary in style: Something that is lacking in effort is halfhearted the adverbial and noun forms, halfheartedly and halfheartedness, are also closed while something incomplete or lacking in some quality is half-baked. (I know of no adjectives beginning with half that are open compounds.) The compound verbs beginning with half that I found listed in one dictionary are consistently hyphenated, but there are only three: half-mast, half-sole, and half-volley. Adverbs are rare, too, but they follow the style of the adjectival forms. The form for a given compound may differ depending on part of speech or on meaning: For example, a book cover consisting of two distinct materials is half-bound, but the style is called half binding, and â€Å"half hour† is open, but half-hourly, as an adjective or adverb, is hyphenated. Meanwhile, the term for the intermission of a competition, whether used as a noun or an adjective, is halftime (â€Å"I walked around the stadium to stretch my legs during halftime†; â€Å"The halftime show seemed interminable†), but in the adjectival or adverbial sense of working half of the normal workweek, it is styled half-time. I could use another hyphenated compound beginning with half to describe my feelings about this imperfect system, but I’ll just say that the inconsistent nature of terms that belong in this broad category requires that I often do what I recommend you do whenever you plan to use one: Look it up. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsI wish I were...

Discussion 6 Thinking Critically About Architecture Essay

Discussion 6 Thinking Critically About Architecture - Essay Example The Supreme Court was created to be a government courthouse. The structure was designed by American Cass Gilbert in the neoclassical style (U.S. Supreme Court 1, 2011). The courthouse has several Greco-Roman influences. The building uses symmetry, standard Corinthian column types, roof entablature, building wells, and basilicas. The use of Greco-Roman architecture is a benefit to the functionality of the courthouse and its purpose. The great size of the building is used to house four floors of judicial service. The ground floor is used for offices and public services. The first floor is occupied by Justices’ chambers, offices for law clerks and secretaries, the East and West Conference rooms, and several other rooms of utility for officers of the court. The second floor is mostly office space and the Justices’ library and dining rooms. The third floor is where the Supreme Court Library is located. Neoclassical architecture is defined as classical architecture of ancient Greece and Roman influence that is likely to have symmetrical shape, columns that rise to the full height of the buildings, triangular pediment, and/or a domed roof (Neoclassical Architecture, 2011). This style is apparent in the exterior structure of the Supreme Court. There are sixteen exterior columns that rise to the top of the building and there is triangular pediment visual in the front end. The Supreme Court uses several types of columns from Greek order. The courthouse uses Corinthian columns topped with entablatures supporting the exterior of the building. These columns are present in the center entrance of the main building. There is a definite symmetry of the building as it peeks in the middle and skews to either side. Entablatures are present on the exterior of the courthouse embodied below the pediments and above the columns. These dà ©cor are typical of Greek culture and dramatic in design. Inside the Supreme Court uses what is known as the building

Article response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Response - Article Example The article seeks to clarify whether the effect of gender congruence between a competitor and the referent can occur independently from ambiguity avoidance. To clarify this, the authors conducted two experiments using Finnish, a non-gendered language. Like English, the Finnish language speakers produce fewer pronouns when the competitor and the referent have the same gender. Furthermore, this effect does not result from ambiguity avoidance. Competitors’ gender congruence and reduction of pronouns is higher in English language than in Finnish. In English, avoiding gender ambiguous pronouns is easy because semantic competition is normally affected by gender congruence. Discussion and comments of the article On reading this article, my knowledge was widened on what drives the effect of gender congruence in the English language. I knew that gender congruence effect in English language was driven by ambiguity avoidance. Initially, I assumed that the way speakers make reference to e xpressions was based on congruence effect alone. To enhance my understanding, I examined Van Compbel, Fukumura, Harley and Pickering (2011) study, which investigated how similarity in different entities affect a speaker’s choice and reference to some expression. ... Conversely, more pronouns are produced when the competitor and the referent are in different situations. The congruent effect appeared to be high in a situation in which the action described was relevant to the situational congruence. This implies that the effects that come as a result of congruence will depend on other representations of concepts known by the speaker. In the second experiment, this study revealed that whether a pronoun is ambiguous or not, the effect of competitor’s similarity is always present. At the end, the researchers concluded that the similarity effects are independent of ambiguity avoidance. The effect emanates from a speaker’s internal production challenges. Still, Van Compbel et al. (2011) results are similar toward the explanation of how ambiguity avoidance relate with the similarity or congruent effect. However, the studies use different approaches in investigating the effect of congruence on ambiguity avoidance. Both articles revealed that congruence effect is independent of ambiguity avoidance. In the main article by Fukuruma, Hyona and merete (2013), it is revealed that because congruence impact semantic competition, a speaker is aware of the pronoun ambiguity. This makes congruence effect independent. Conversely, Van Compbel et al. (2011) study confirms that it is the internally speaker production constraints that make congruence effect independent of ambiguity avoidance. Further, the similarity between these two articles drew my attention to another study by Arnold and Griffin (2007). The article investigated how one chooses between proper names and pronouns in a speech. The study was based on the traditional assumption that speakers strive to interpret

Is It Weird Weather or Climate Change (extreme weather) Assignment

Is It Weird Weather or Climate Change (extreme weather) - Assignment Example The incident prompted 11,000 residents in towns that bordered the river to quit to safe places and some of their enterprises experiencing losses. The flooding also destroyed property and agriculture, which approximated to $2million. Corps and other aid agencies like FEMA intervened in containing the situation in diverse ways, which encompassed barring the public from using some bridges and roads that were not safe. Additionally, there entailed evacuation of the region’s residents to safety who resided in approximately 4,000 homes (Holbrook 18). This menace compared to other previous events that has ever occurred in the region or nearby is the worst and emanated from an altered climate, which the world is currently experiencing. Hypothesis Missouri River flooding and its adverse effects on the bordering residents is an indication of a climate change that is continuously depicting itself in anomalous incidences globally. The trend may continue to accelerate and yield to further catastrophes if human fails to alter activities that interfere with climate, for illustration, release of Greenhouse Gases to the atmosphere (Stromberg & Kuenzi 37). Hypothesis Evaluation Missouri river has tributaries that feed it and originates from the rocky mountains of Montana and Wyoming. ... The state’s six dams due to snowmelt, which augmented water capacity, their records depicted increased rates even amid the interval months of May and June/July. Dam Previous flow Rate Previous Year Record May 1 Flow Rate 2011 May 31 Flow Rate 2011 June/July 2011 Flow Rate Gavis point 70,000 1997 45,000 77,000 160,700 Oahe 60,000 1997 30,000 86,000 160,400 Big Bed 75, 000 1997 21,300 84,000 165,000 Garrison 65,000 1975 17,500 80,500 150,000 Fort Peck 36,000 1975 7,000 9,700 66,000 Fort Randall 67,000 1997 42,500 76,600 158,000 Figure 1: Past Six Dams' Flow rates compared to 2011 May - June/July Figure 2: Annual Flow due to climate change affecting snowmelt. Retrieved from http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentPDF/PB-2023/Flood%20Presentation.pdf Figure 3: Augmenting water Flow rate. Retrieved from http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentPDF/PB-2023/Flood%20Presentation.pdf According to the data depicted in this section, the trend seems to augment with time, which results to increased anomalous incidences. These comprise floods and other related climate catastrophes triggered by increased snow melt emanating from climate destruction by Greenhouse Gases. It also indicates an altered variability with time where at some instances it is unpredictable according to the then News’ reports. Societal Relevance Discussion Environmental negative impacts normally befall society, which at many occasions may not be aware of what may culminate after certain environmental degradations (Stromberg & Kuenzi 37). This is due to ignorant and sometimes misinformations especially from the relevant authorities like the weather forecast.

Advanced Practice Nursing Role Essay Example for Free

Advanced Practice Nursing Role Essay Health professionals like nurses have a chance to go for autonomy in the nursing career which is beyond the practice of being a staff nurse. Various pathways for advanced specialization in nursing career have been established for the past few decades. This expansion of responsibilities and vision as a health professional helps nurses to fulfill growth as professional and as a person. Among the advanced practice nursing roles, the author deeply prefer Family Nurse Practitioner specialized in cardiology. This will help her utilize skills in nursing science and as a health care specialist with a twist on promotion of health of the cardiovascular system. Creative APN Role in Health Promotion The author has chosen the field of family nursing practitioner because of the challenges and roles that it holds. The current responsibilities of the family nurse practitioner posts promising personal as well as professional growth on the field of the health care industry. The advance practice nursing role of family nurse practitioner is composed of different skills which pertains to the areas of management skills of community health nursing, patient care, primary care, intervention on the desired population, and it also deals with community assessment and actions regarding the said assessment. It focuses on promotion of health and healthy living, avoidance of degenerative diseases, and the supervision of the illnesses in different ages, both chronic and acute. (UTA 2008) The author has chosen a specialized field in cardiology because in reference to the data given by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention for 2005 Death data table C, the leading cause of death in the United States is cardiovascular related. According to the statistics, 652, 091 deaths were related to heart problems (CDC 2008). The stated data poses a major concern that there is a very big problem related to cardiovascular disorders. In relation to this, the author envisions to help in solving this problem via the career chosen by the author. The family practice nursing with a specialization in cardiology will help the author contribute in building the foundations of a society with healthy cardio vascular systems. Among the probable setting that the author hopes to practice the stated advanced practice nursing role is in the Christ Hospital. It was established for more than 115 years and it was well known to be one of the leading hospitals which continue to promote, plan and innovate for the healthy future of the region. It was noted as one of the best medical institution in the United States for the last few decades consistently. The setting includes 555 beds with more than 1200 physicians and holds the most advanced and sophisticated technology for health care. It is a not-for-profit acute care facility which is supervised by the highly trained specialists that has great passion for health care. It focuses on the services for major surgery, orthopedics, cardiovascular care and other related fields (Christ Hospital 2008). The competencies required for this job ranges from clinical expertise to social relationship within the community. It requires expertise in retrieving records for the data regarding the health, medical history, psychosocial and family records. Ability to conduct physical examination, for the health problems related to the acute and episodic phases are required as well as the ability to interpret the laboratory findings. Provide health assessment to the visited areas or patients and to arrange referrals to other health professional. It is also required to have a knowledge on developing and implementing plans for the supervision of problems in the acute and episodic problems of the assessed in and out patients. In the competencies required to assess patients also include ability to enclose screening evaluation for the cardiovascular health and other relevant information regarding it, distinguishes between normal and abnormal change. Evaluate the pressure of the family or psychosocial factors on patient sickness, situations related to developmental delays and learning disabilities in all ages, reproductive health of both women and men, sexual health, pregnancy, and postpartum care, assess some problems like substance abuse like drugs. Performs and accurately documents appropriate comprehensive or symptom-focused physical assessment on patients of all ages. Recognize health and cardiovascular risk factors of patients of all ages and families in all stages of the family life cycle. Demonstrates proficiency in family assessment; show proficiency in functional assessment of family members. Assesses specific family health needs within the context of community assessment especially the ones that is related to the cardiovascular diseases. Identifies and plans interventions to promote health with families at risk of heart disease (NONPF 2002). Diagnosing of health status focused on the health of heart is also needed, the following competencies are required. Recognize signs and symptoms of acute physical heart disease across the life span. Recognize signs and symptoms of chronic cardiovascular disease across the life span. Evaluates and summarizes collected data for patients of all ages. Plans complete differential diagnoses, with relevance to the epidemiology, environmental and community characteristics, this also includes life stage development and the arrangement seen with increasing age, family, and heart risk factors (NONPF 2002). Upon diagnosis of the members with cardiovascular or heart related diseases. The planning caring and management of the treatment of the disease will proceed which requires a lot of competencies indicated below. It is required for the nurse to have abilities to provide health information for protection, health promotion, formulate strategies for the intervention and prevention of the cardiovascular diseases which aims in improving the cardiovascular system of the family, requires a knowledge on how to treat acute and chronic of cardiovascular diseases in all ages to minimize the risk of developing complications and increase quality of living, prescribe proper medication for the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, adapts care for to meet the needs of the at-risk patients, evaluate the effectiveness of the plan in relation to the plans made for the at-risk group. Assist the members of the family of the cardiovascular disorder patient, provide referrals to the health care professionals that can support the treatment of the heart disease, and apply the study regarding the idea that is family centered and can supply positive change in the health of the family. Family or Population Health Promotion Theories Models The family nurse practitioner specialized in the cardiology focuses on promoting health in relation to individual level and the family level. The health promotion theory that is suitable for the family nurse practitioner in the individual level is the Health Belief Model which focuses on the person’s perception of the possible risk and the evaluation of the actions that would prevent the problem from occurring again. In this case, the author’s future interaction with individuals who are at-risk to cardiovascular diseases will give her chance to use the said model in promoting the health information. Upon approaching, an at-risk patient, the author will be discussing the perceived susceptibility of the subject to cardiovascular diseases and the initial reaction of the patient will more likely to be curios. The next part is the explanation of the perceived severity and the possible consequences of the CVD in the patient; the next step is to discuss with the patient the possible benefits of positive action. In such case, the patient will soon realize the benefits of the perceived action. And will arrive eventually on the conclusion that the patient should consider on performing the perceived actions that could give benefits. The author also considers another theory of which the community level is involved. The community organization is theory which focuses the involvement of the members of the community in evaluating health problems. Upon interaction within community sites, the author will soon be empowering these families in relation to the participation in campaigns for heart related problems. The participation of the community and the relevance of the selected issue to the problem of the community like the cardiovascular diseases will greatly enhance the active development of the community. The most important activity that the author can do is the critical consciousness that she will be spreading in the community (HPA 2008). Agency and Financing of APN Practice The Christ Hospital will be the institution where the author hopes to apply in the mere future it was the medical establishment that was considered in this paper. It was established for more than 115 years and it was well known to be one of the leading hospitals which continue to promote, plan and innovate for the healthy future of the region. It was noted as one of the best medical institution in the United States for the last few decades consistently. The setting includes 555 beds with more than 1200 physicians and holds the most advanced and sophisticated technology for health care. It is a not-for-profit acute care facility which is supervised by the highly trained specialists that has great passion for health care. It focuses on the services for major surgery, orthopedics, cardiovascular care and other related fields (Christ Hospital 2008). The mission of the Christ Hospital is to lead the region in giving the excellent experience in health care especially the personalized one while forwarding clinical excellence, technology and education. The role that the author will be holding will help the institution in a way of providing personalized health care especially in the cardiology patients. The author’s expertise will also help the institution in advancing clinical excellence especially in the field of cardiology. The role will be financially supported by the hospital or allied services institutions relating to cardiology. In the specific case, the Christ Hospital will be responsible for the financial support of the role. The nurse practitioner in the said institution is included in the employee pay. Some stakeholders that can support the role are the health related institutions, hospitals, clinics, nurse organizations and cardiology specialty centers. The role of family practice nurse practitioner goes beyond the limits of a staff nurse which will promote personal and professional growth. The specialization in cardiology will greatly help in the regression of cardiovascular disease cases in the United States. Thus the APN role stated above will surely benefit not only the author but also the society at large.

Manliness in Macbeth, Shakespeare

Manliness in Macbeth, Shakespeare Manliness should not be considered a quality that can be possessed only by men. It is a set of values which can be possessed by anyone whos determined to live as a strong, moral and free person. All of the characteristics such as strong identity and free will can be considered positive if they are in a harmony with making the community a strong unit. William Shakespeares Macbeth brings several characteristics which supplement the manliness, making it even a stronger ideal connected not only to the single person but to the whole community as well. In the play the king who represents the whole country is murdered by his bravest soldier Macbeth. Thus the society and the nature shake and they lose their stability. After this betraying act the other noble lords try to restore the broken order by dethroning Macbeth and his wife. In this dramatic play the author shows that manly means to fight for the interests of the nation and it also symbolizes the strong volition and the belief in ones own ability to maintain control over their life. According to Shakespeare manliness means to make things right in harmony with the natural and social order. One of Shakespeares ideas about manliness is the idea of the man fighting for fairness and having the strength to oppose the evil. In the play Macbeth and Lady Macbeth often times threaten the social order and shake the stability of the country. The first action which reveals which qualities are manly and which are not is the murder of King Duncan. He was a person who was naturally given the right to rule Scotland because after his assassination it is revealed that the earth/ Was feverous and did shake (2.3.60-2.3.61) The nature reacted to this brutal act in order to show how unmanly this action is. The king is Scotland and he represents the whole nation. Killing the leader of a community means ruining the whole community and destroying all social norms. Macbeth interfered with the rules of nature while a real man has the ability to follow the laws dictated by God and the supreme power, because they are relevant to the survival of the whole nation. A man does not have a sick ambition to break the order, as Macbeth does. In fact with every new crime something dies inside him. The Thane of Cawdor can be definitely characterized with the phrase of the witches that Fair is foul, foul is fair., because he is double-faced (1.1.10). One real man would never pretend to be someone else and he would be sincere and honest. Macbeth breaks the sacred loyalty; he is a betrayer which certainly does not make him a man. Manliness characterizes only a person who is trustworthy, a person like Macduff who sacrifices his whole family in order to reestablish the peace and order in Scotland. This action requires a lot of strength which is not only physical but psychical as well. To abandon the family means putting the society as a number one priority. In general all of the people who oppose Macbeth can be considered manly. All characters who kept thinking that Duncans murder was a breach of the nations stability risk their lives in order to return the fairness. Young Siward has paid a soldiers debt: / only lived but till he was a man; which shows that they are very selflessly devoted to succeed (5.8.39-5.8.40). Another thing that this quote shows is that in Macbeths society even the children are taught that saving of communitys strength is a major moral value. Previously Macbeth was also considered selfless, as he nevr shook hands, nor bade farewell to him (Macdonwald),/ Till he unseamed him from the nave to th chops, (1.2.21-1.2.22). Maybe he was also taught in such a way as Siwards son. It seems that as the play goes on Macbeth transforms from a person who fights the betrayers to a person who becomes a betrayer. The Thane of Cawdor is not a real man, because he opposes the natural order and he also does not posses steadfastness. Another characteristic of manliness is not to succumb to the influence of other people, which can make a person do rash things. One can possess many moral values, but if one does not have the strength to keep them one will break them. That is what happens with the character of Macbeth as well. He deserved once to be called a worthy man because of his bravery but his credulity made him take the wrong way. Macbeth believed in the prophecy of the witches and their words started feeding his sick ambition. If he was manly, however, he would not believe in it so credulously. One of the etymologies of the word man comes from the root men- to think. That is why one of the characteristics of manliness is the process of thinking sensibly. But Macbeth was so enchanted by the words of the witches that he also says Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more :( 1.3.70). In contrast to Macbeth, Banquo says wisely The instrument of darkness tell us truths,/ Win us with honest trifles, to betrays/ In deepest consequences. (1.3.124-1.3.126).That makes Banquo a real man because he is a realist who depends only on his own strength. Banquo also does not allow the witches to brainwash him and he does not believe them so credulously. A real man like him should be able to distinguish between what is good and what is bad, i.e. what is fair and what is foul. On the other hand Macbeth keeps on believing in the prophecy and we see him as he goes to the witches by himself and asks them for his destiny. The Thane of Cawdor depends not only on his abilities, but he also expects help from the witches. A real man would rely only on his strength because this shows that he is certain about his abilities. Another fact that proves that Macbeth has a very weak character is that he is very easily manipulated by his wife. In the seventh scene of act 1 Lady Macbeth says From this time/Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard/ To be the same in thine own act and valor/ As thou art in desire?(1.27.38-1. 7.41)This shows that the change in Macbeths behavior is due to his weak spirit. He is not able to control his volition as he is mostly affected by the will of his wife. The man is the stronger sex and he should have the power to act according his own outlook. In contrast Macbeth does not know himself because he has lost his identity: To know my deed, twere best not know myself.(2.3.72). A manly deed can be considered again the act of Macduff who sacrifices his family in order to maintain the welfare of the whole nation. In fact in Macbeth all men except Macbeth are real men because they do not weaken and they save their ability to control their lives only by their volitions Shakespeares play Macbeth brings the topic of manliness. The progressing action in the play makes the characters face different difficulties and their different reactions bring the contrast between what is manly and what is not. The manly qualities which are presented in Macbeth enrich the readers view of life and how it has changed during the centuries. Morality has changed and the values of the communities have changed. In conclusion what William Shakespeare tries to teach the reader is that manly is not a word that describes only men, but manliness is a moral value that makes one combine the ability of being an individual with the ability of being a social efficient member of a community.

A Womans Role on a Patriarchal Family Farm Essays -- literary Analysi

As the title suggests, I’ve hit a few notable markers in my research. Some of them would definitely be called bumps in the literary road as far as this paper goes, but I feel that a broader view of what I’ve experienced and found has created something original. Let me explain. I started this idea with a simple goal in mind. I wanted to make A Thousand Acres working class. I simply wanted to show how it was working class, but more importantly why, it fit in that category. What that has evolved into, however, is not so simple. Jane Smiley’s novel encompasses a huge array of ideas and could fit in an absurd number of categories. Drama, tragedy, pastoral, family, business and several other one word titles would just as effectively classify this novel as does working class, so I had to look elsewhere. I had close to a dozen sources from JSTOR to Google Scholar saved on my flash drive, and I read them all. Only in about 2 of them were the terms â€Å"working class† even alluded to, and I got a little worried. I had plenty of time to change my topic, but I found a few points of interest. Working class, as it stands in my mind, has the metaphoric likeness of Play-Dough and I would like to be the person to look at A Thousand Acres as the wor king class text that I believe it is, and mold and form a wholly original idea using feminism, education and prosperity (or the lack thereof) as the backbone. Conveniently enough, three texts in particular struck me as particularly useful. Each one is very different from the other in its own right, but each text also solidified Jane Smiley’s work as something useful to my project. Just when I thought I’d move on to something easier and over done (like Steinbeck), these articles renewed my in... ...another crisis that may be insoluble† (590). This crisis is the same problem in some respects that Hall and Leslie note, the same problem that I started my paper with, and the crisis is â€Å"discontent within families, especially among females, within a quintessentially patriarchal institution† (590). These three articles are so very different, but share similar ideas underneath their main ideas in several areas, and on different levels. The main ideas are important, but the underlying connections are what go tme excited about what I was doing. The literature is new, the scholarly community is small, and working with this is challenging, but I think it will be rewarding. With the help of these articles (and a couple more that could prove useful) I hope to find what I’m looking for and be able to produce a product that is at the same time original and insightful. A Woman's Role on a Patriarchal Family Farm Essays -- literary Analysi As the title suggests, I’ve hit a few notable markers in my research. Some of them would definitely be called bumps in the literary road as far as this paper goes, but I feel that a broader view of what I’ve experienced and found has created something original. Let me explain. I started this idea with a simple goal in mind. I wanted to make A Thousand Acres working class. I simply wanted to show how it was working class, but more importantly why, it fit in that category. What that has evolved into, however, is not so simple. Jane Smiley’s novel encompasses a huge array of ideas and could fit in an absurd number of categories. Drama, tragedy, pastoral, family, business and several other one word titles would just as effectively classify this novel as does working class, so I had to look elsewhere. I had close to a dozen sources from JSTOR to Google Scholar saved on my flash drive, and I read them all. Only in about 2 of them were the terms â€Å"working class† even alluded to, and I got a little worried. I had plenty of time to change my topic, but I found a few points of interest. Working class, as it stands in my mind, has the metaphoric likeness of Play-Dough and I would like to be the person to look at A Thousand Acres as the wor king class text that I believe it is, and mold and form a wholly original idea using feminism, education and prosperity (or the lack thereof) as the backbone. Conveniently enough, three texts in particular struck me as particularly useful. Each one is very different from the other in its own right, but each text also solidified Jane Smiley’s work as something useful to my project. Just when I thought I’d move on to something easier and over done (like Steinbeck), these articles renewed my in... ...another crisis that may be insoluble† (590). This crisis is the same problem in some respects that Hall and Leslie note, the same problem that I started my paper with, and the crisis is â€Å"discontent within families, especially among females, within a quintessentially patriarchal institution† (590). These three articles are so very different, but share similar ideas underneath their main ideas in several areas, and on different levels. The main ideas are important, but the underlying connections are what go tme excited about what I was doing. The literature is new, the scholarly community is small, and working with this is challenging, but I think it will be rewarding. With the help of these articles (and a couple more that could prove useful) I hope to find what I’m looking for and be able to produce a product that is at the same time original and insightful.

Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay

‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Lord of the Flies’ were written in different centuries. Analyse the similarities and discuss the differences which you have found in these texts. You should pay particular attention to characterisation, style and theme. Mary Shelley wrote ‘Frankenstein’ in the 18th Century. As there was no cinema or television available books were a widely accessible form of entertainment. Particularly fantastical texts like ‘Dracula’ and ‘Vathek’ were popular, books like these were not meant to be thought of as a portrayal of realism, this is why ‘Frankenstein’ is very unbelievable. ‘Frankenstein’ is set in a time when new science posed a threat to Christian beliefs, as society started to believe that man could be created. This all seemed very possible in the early 18th Century because Benjamin Franklin had previously invented a lightning conductor and in 1802 Galvani ran a current through a frogs legs and it produced a twitch. The thought of starting life with lightning terrified people because of the dangers it appeared to pose to endanger human life. William Golding published ‘Lord of the Flies’ in 1954, nine years after the end of the Second World War. So there were still conflicts going on between Russia and America, Golding used the idea of continuous war and portrayed it onto the island. The text concerns a group of public school boys getting trapped on an island after their plane crashes; they all have traditional upbringings and attitudes. Other books, which had previously been written such as ‘Swiss Family Robinson’ and ‘Coral Island’, featured a similar situation but with a happier ending, these types of books were all very unrealistic and fairytale like. William Golding wrote what he thought would really happen if anyone ever faced this situation. The two tribes that develop in ‘Lord of the Flies’ (Jack’s and Ralph’s) represent Hitler and the Nazi’s against the allies (America, Great Britain etc). The Italians swapped sides during the war as the Nazi’s became weaker; Sam and Eric reflect this as they join Jack’s tribe because Ralph’s is less popular. Both books have many similarities and differences between them. The main similarity is that both books are about lines of civilisation being broken revealing the darker sides of people’s characters. The boys in ‘Lord of the Flies’ are immediately, physically desolate after their plane crashes. Nobody knows where they are and there are no adults. In Shelley’s book, the character Frankenstein chooses to be isolated as his work is more important to him than anything around him. One similarity between the two books are the characters Piggy and the ‘creature’. These two characters are both judged by their appearance. Piggy is ‘†¦shorter than the fair boy and very fat’. He has ‘†¦asthma’ and ‘†¦thick spectacles’. The ‘creature’ has ‘yellow skin’ and ‘†¦straight black lips’, in both cases we can immediately tell that they are physically different. Even Frankenstein, the ‘creatures’ creator ‘†¦dreaded to behold’ him. They both become isolated and victimised because other people see them as being different; this creates a feeling of sympathy towards both characters throughout the books. They also both have no parents as Piggy’s â€Å"†¦dad’s dead, and [his] mum†, and the ‘creature’ said: â€Å"No father has watched my infant days, no mother had blessed me with smiles and caresses.† The ‘creature’ feels sadness and rejection and believes that having parents is important, this is also implicit in the case of Piggy, but the ‘creature’ has never been loved by anyone so the feeling of depression is greater. It can be argued however that, in a way the ‘creature’ has been loved as Frankenstein loved him while he was creating him. When he is brought to life the love he had previously received from Frankenstein ends. The difference between these two characters is that Piggy’s intelligence is threatening to the other boys as he has some sensible ideas that the boys do not wish to carry out. He says: â€Å"Which is better- to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?† The boys ignore him as they have already descended into tribalism at this point. Piggy’s intelligence is threatening because he has a very defined idea of what is right and wrong and he is a very moral person. The ‘creature’s’ intelligence is harmless as he only wishes to fit in. However, as the ‘creature’ becomes more knowledgeable he â€Å"†¦discovered what a wretched outcast† he was. He has no idea of what is right and wrong and only wants to fit in. The level of intelligence an individual has, whether it is a lot or a little can still make them isolated from others. From the start of ‘Lord of the Flies’ we can tell that Piggy wants to fit in by the way he follows Ralph. ‘Ralph disentangled himself cautiously and stole away through the branches. In a few seconds the fat boys grunts were behind him.’ He is last to put his hand up to vote for Ralph: ‘Every hand outside the choir except Piggy’s was raised immediately.’ He hesitates because although he wants to vote for Ralph he does not want to be the only one who votes for him. He wants to fit in and not be the odd one out. It is implicit that Piggy was not very popular at school as â€Å"They used to call [him] Piggy†. This is why he follows Ralph in the way he does; he desperately tries to try and make friends as he feels depressed and sad about his previous school life. He is not very attractive; this is a reflection of how people perceive him. There are not just similarities between Piggy and the ‘creature’. Frankenstein and Ralph are also similar because although they are in different situations, they both have something they want to achieve. Ralph desperately wants to be rescued from the island. He constantly tries to keep the fire going as â€Å"†¦The fire is the main thing†, because it is a signal to people to show that they are stranded. Frankenstein’s aim is to take science a step further by creating new life without using nature. They are both headstrong and both have will power to achieve what they want to. Unlike Frankenstein, Ralph sees reality as he acknowledges that if they do not try to get rescued they will die on the island. â€Å"†¦without the smoke signal we’ll die here!† Ralph is far more considerate than Frankenstein. Frankenstein does not consider the consequences of his actions and as a result of this he creates a disaster. He does not see reality as he becomes so determined to be the first person to create life. While Frankenstein is preoccupied with creating life, Ralph believes that preserving life is more important. Frankenstein can also be compared to Simon from ‘Lord of the Flies’. They are both symbolic of Christ. Simon passed ‘†¦food down to outstretched hands’ and Frankenstein stated that; ‘†¦food that I had killed, which after taking a small part, I always presented to those who had provided me.’ They are both kind and considerate and the way they give to others is much like the same way that Jesus did. Although Frankenstein has been isolated and anti social for a few years he is still amiable. Simon is surrounded by a lot of biblical images all through the book. The way that Simon appreciates the island and nature seems quite strange to the other boys. He is described as â€Å"†¦cracked† and â€Å"†¦batty†. In the same way Frankenstein gets remarks because he enjoys ‘†¦the structure of the human frame.’ and philosophy. Both Simon and Frankenstein are intransigent as they ignore any comments tackling their views. Frankenstein believes that: ‘A new species would bless me as its creator†¦ would owe their being to me.’ He wants to be worshipped and idolised for creating life like God. Simon wants to appreciate his surroundings, which God as created. Frankenstein states that; ‘No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs.’ He becomes arrogant and his ego begins to swell. He wants to totally change the way in which humans are brought to life and he becomes insatiably infatuated with this. Simon willingly accepts the beauty of nature and he sees things differently to other people, like ‘the beast’ only being a fallen pilot (this shows more clarity of thought than the other boys). Unlike Frankenstein, Simon’s character is very vague, he is simply known as ‘†¦the boy who fainted’ towards the beginning of the book. He is also described as a ‘†¦vivid little boy.’ No one really understands him as he has more maturity to understand things than the other boys, but he does not have the vocabulary to express his views and feelings. Frankenstein’s character is not constant through the book. At first he is very unorthodox, as he does not consider the views or beliefs of anyone around him. Towards the end of the book he becomes remorseful as he realises that he has created a ‘†¦demoniacal corpse.’ When Simon died the ‘†¦clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall.’ This is pathetic fallacy as it reflects what is happening in the story. Simon is seen as God- like, and the storm and heavy rain is like God’s anger against the savage boys’ sin. It is as if they killed the good on the island and it cannot be justified or tolerated. After he is killed the language used is very calming; there was a ‘†¦trickle of water’ and ‘†¦no noise’. This is ethereal, as if Simon’s body is being taken by angels up to heaven. The way Simon’s dead body ‘†¦moved out towards the open sea’ is very heavenly. When Simon sees the Lord of the Flies for the first time, Golding says: ‘Even if he shut his eyes, the sows head still remained like an after- image†¦They assured Simon that everything was a bad business.’ It is as if Simon is getting a vision from God; the sow’s head demonstrated how the hunting has got out of control. God is warning him that what is happening on the island cannot be accepted. After this has happened it is ironic that Simon is killed for being mistaken for ‘the beast’. The message given to him was right; the hunting on the island had become a ‘†¦bad business.’ The difference between the two books is that Frankenstein is a man of science and Simon is a man of spirit. In ‘Frankenstein’ it is science against religion, where as in ‘Lord of the Flies’ the human need to survive is put against society. Another character from ‘Lord of the Flies’ who can be compared to Frankenstein is Jack. It is clear from the start that Jack will potentially be a threat from his appearance. He has ‘†¦red hair’ which signifies a fiery temper, and red is also used for warning signs, which indicate danger. Both Jack and Frankenstein become obsessive about certain things. Frankenstein becomes obsessed with creating the ‘creature’ and Jack lets hunting become his obsession. Jack begins to bring up hunting in most conversations, he said: â€Å"All the same- in the forest. I mean when you’re hunting.† He is the first to suggest that the choir form a group called ‘the hunters’ and he is always the first to lead them out into the forest to go on a hunt he insists to the other boys that meat is important. Jack becomes excited by ‘†¦droppings that steamed’ he bends ‘†¦down to them as though he loved them.’ This is clearly not natural behaviour and these are definite signs that his obsession with hunting has gone too far. Frankenstein gets so engrossed with his work that he forgets about his family. He, like Jack, becomes disturbingly infatuated with his project as he does many inhumane things: ‘[He]†¦collected bones from charnel- houses and disturbed, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame.’ The word ‘profane’ is important because it illustrates the way he shows disrespect for religion. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ the other religion could be classed as Ralph’s tribe. Jack does not consider the welfare of these boys and he becomes so obsessed with hunting that he forgets both his morals and the fact that the boys need to be rescued. While Jack is hunting ‘The madness came into his eyes again.’ He has the urge to kill and his obsession has got so far out of control he is losing his sanity. However, these two characters are also very different because Jack has a cruel personality; he picks on the weaker boys. Piggy is usually his victim; he singles him out for the way he looks, he says, â€Å"†¦shut up fatty† and â€Å"†¦you fat slug†. He ‘†¦smacked Piggy’s head’ and he is also very sarcastic towards him: â€Å"We mustn’t let anything happen to Piggy, must we?† His character is also very fierce; this becomes apparent from the language used. The way he ‘†¦slashed’, ‘†¦slammed’ and ‘†¦snatched’ shows he is destructive. He acts like this so that the other boys become afraid of him and do not challenge his views; he feels powerful and dominant. He gains respect from the other boys by behaving like this: ‘Jack looked round for understanding and found only respect.’ He regains the power which he lost from not being voted chief by behaving in this way, and he also feels he has control over the other boys. The boys do not always agree with him, they just ‘†¦followed him obediently’ because they are afraid of him. Jack is also like the ‘creature’ because they both show their darker sides after being isolated. Jack believes he has the qualities to be leader because he can â€Å"†¦sing C sharp.† When Ralph is voted leader, Jack immediately becomes isolated, and tension occurs between them as he constantly challenges Ralph to be leader. The ‘creature’ becomes isolated because he is not socially accepted, as he looks different. His treacherous side shows as his level of intelligence increases. He begins to feel â€Å"†¦rage and revenge† towards Frankenstein, in the same way Jack feels for Ralph. The ‘creature’ says that: â€Å"I declared ever-lasting war against the species, and more than all, against him who had formed me.† The language used here is very strong; he shows feelings of hate towards Frankenstein because he enrolled him into a world of misery. Jack and the creature both develop feelings of hatred towards the ones who have ostracised them. Some of the words used to describe Jack and Frankenstein are animalistic. When Jack is hunting it is like he almost becomes an animal, he ‘†¦sniffs the air’ and comes ‘†¦trotting back.’ When Frankenstein gets angry he ‘†¦gnashed [his] teeth and ground them together.’ They do mot appear human as they are stripped of human characteristics such as conscience and morality. This suggests that they have evil natures. These evil natures can also be shown by the inhumane killings that occur in both books. ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Frankenstein’ both feature violence, death and murder. In ‘Frankenstein’ the creature becomes completely demoralized like Jack and Roger, the murders they commit are brutal, but the reader is more sympathetic for the ‘creature’ because he has never been loved and however desperately he tried to find a friend he was always rejected. The boys in ‘Lord of the Flies’ have been loved and brought up in a religious manner, so they have no excuse to kill. The boys’ deconstruction of their reality mirrors the ‘creature’s’ construction of reality. This can be shown when Simon is brutally torn apart, where as the monster is pieced together. Simon can also be related to the ‘creature’ because he has a problem, which he cannot do anything about. Simon is ‘epileptic’ and the ‘creature’ is ugly and ‘†¦8 foot tall’. These are problems, which can stop them from being like other people. In ‘Frankenstein’ the style in which the book is written is totally different than that of ‘Lord of the Flies’. There are three concentric layers, one within the other. The outer layer, which is the shortest, is Robert Walton’s letters to his sister describing his voyage to the North Pole. In the next layer Frankenstein tells the story of how he created the monster and how he abandoned it in disgust. In the third layer the ‘creature’ describes the struggle he has trying to fit in. There are also multiple storytellers in ‘Frankenstein’. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ the book has a linear narrative as it reads from beginning to end, it is narrated entirely by the author. As ‘Frankenstein’ is a gothic horror book, the murders do not come as much of a surprise to the reader, where as ‘Lord of the Flies’ features innocent, young school boys committing brutal murders. So the shock value in ‘Lord of the Flies’ is greater and indeed more horrific than that in ‘Frankenstein’. The books are also both written in a way so that the reader looses track of time. Many phrases are used in the text to imply that a lot of time has passed, like ‘Two years had now nearly elapsed’ and ‘Six years had elapsed’. This reflects the insanity that develops in the characters. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ there is a system of hierarchy, as there is only one place at the top Jack and Ralph constantly fight to be the highest so that they have power over the other boys. These boys are underneath Jack and Ralph in the hierarchy so they are not as powerful they are, this is why they follow one of them. Piggy is one of the weaker boys at the bottom; this is why he is victimised. In ‘Frankenstein’ there is no system of hierarchy, everyone in the text is considered as equal. In both books there is a role reversal. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ Ralph goes from being leader to an outcast who is left to survive on his own. Jack’s hunting tribe eventually over powers Ralph’s tribe who want to be rescued. This shows the immaturity of the boys as they forget their priorities. The role reversal in ‘Frankenstein’ occurs between Frankenstein and the ‘creature’. Frankenstein has power over the ‘creature’ while he is creating him, but when he disowns him; he is left to do what he likes. He becomes more powerful than Frankenstein (and indeed any human being) because of his sheer stature and his increased level of intelligence. Frankenstein is aware of the fact that he does not have any morals as he killed innocent children. The ‘creature’ realises this: â€Å"You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!† Role reversals are used in the text to show that the goodness in a person does not always win. I have already discussed thematic issues within characterisation, but the main theme in both books is about the darkness of Man’s soul. The evil side of man, which is inherent in everybody, can be brought out in different situations. The two books show this in different ways. ‘Frankenstein’ involves an adult world confronted with many scientific changes. ‘Lord of the Flies’ shows a world entirely populated by children who struggle to survive. However, in both books the same message is delivered; the notion of ‘society’ breaks down when there is nothing to uphold it. This is explored through the themes of isolation, difference, anger, ambition and obsession. While the boys on the island are unwillingly taken out of society’ structure and the ‘creature’ is forcefully thrust into it, the result is the same- the hidden darkness of mans soul is revealed.